(I-FT384752)
Michael Cooley
The following table is simply a bare summary of the results and can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet. This is helpful for keeping track of larger projects. With the exception of those indicated by an asterisk, the novel SNPs (novel variants) can be tested at YSEQ.net for $18 each and a one-time kit fee of $6 for the first order.
| KIT | TREE | MRCA | TEST | NOVEL VARIANTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #B937396 | | FTF45461 FTF55246 FTF44517
| #B547492 | FTB57618
| #973306 | FTC76188
| #937767 | FTB22681 FTB22983 FTB23313 FTB22496
| #964720 | FTB61494 FTB65623
| #943367 | FTB7523
| #984388 | FTD4876 FTD4935 FTD4968 FTD5174 FTD5657 FTD5387 FTD4753
| #1002518 | FTE80175 FTE80639 FTE80754
| #941860 | FTE39946 FTE38587
| #963991 | FTB52485
| #966359 | --
| #248955 | FTB43491 FTB43947 MF242173 FTB44306 FTB51201 FTB43326
| #1019192 | 12364216=GA
| #972811 | --
| #993529 | FTD81939
| #938864 | Y144491
| #966085 | FTE25257 FTE25277 FTE25949
| #231888 | FTB30238 FTB31947 FGC94888
| #187203 | FTB31976
| #975429 | FTC44364
| #973681 | FTC19551 FTC19700 FTC34949
| #177824 | --
| #IN113615 | --
| #965168 | FTB75314 FTA86746 FTB75490
| #993709 | FTC9851 Y71069 FTD89613 FTD94704
| #973564 | FTC24913 FTC26119 FTC35166
| #MK76000 | FTC70872 FTC70973 FTC71128 FTC75028
| #420788 | --
| #MK57425 | FTB50366
| #967166 | FTB80749 FTB82636 FTB83620 FTB79704
| #421215 | --
| #631311 | --
| #957655 | --
| #965708 | FTB65027 FTB62843
| |
* SNP cannot undergo Sanger testing
A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) occurs when there's a genetic change at a single position, for example an A mutated to a C. Each marker listed in the tree below is a SNP, and each one was manifested at the birth of a single man. This doesn't happen every generation but, if we had enough data, they'd all line up one after the other in a timeline. In other words, each of these markers is a direct representative of a specific man born at a specific time and place. For that reason, I like to say that "SNPs are people too." It's not literally true, of course, but conjures an image that is reasonably apropos.
Every marker above is a direct genetic representation of the first man born with that marker. However, each marker could represent three or four more men not born with a new, unique marker.
Count the number of markers upstream of any one kit. Then multiply that by four generations. I'll leave it to you detemine how many years makes a generation. This can be done for all kits descended from any one haplogroup. Average the grand total to get an average timeline for the haplogroup. The word "average" is, however, the key. The more participants, the more that number will change.
This is a simplified, barebones, stripped-down SNP Tree (as above). It's called a Quick Tree merely because it can be created once new results are downloaded. It has the advantage of allowing a tested group member to easily trace their SNP lineage.
| FTF45461 FTF55246 FTF44517
| FT384752 FT386276 FTB57618
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTC76188
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB22681 FTB22983 FTB23313 FTB22496
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB61494 FTB65623
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB7523
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTD4876 FTD4935 FTD4968 FTD5174 FTD5657 FTD5387 FTD4753
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTE80175 FTE80639 FTE80754
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTE39946 FTE38587
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 FTB52485
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 FTB43741 FTB43916 FTB43879 FTB94790 JN01 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 FTB43741 FTB43916 FTB43879 FTB94790 JN01 FTB43491 FTB43947 MF242173 FTB44306 FTB51201 FTB43326
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 12364216=GA
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTD81939
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 Y144491
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTE25257 FTE25277 FTE25949
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 F4529 FTB30238 FTB31947 FGC94888
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 F4529 FTB31976
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 F4529 FTC44364
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTA28412 FTA29616 FTC22038 FTC19551 FTC19700 FTC34949
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTA28412 FTA29616 FTC22038 FTA27594 FTA27391 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTA28412 FTA29616 FTC22038 FTA27594 FTA27391 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTB76944 FTB75314 FTA86746 FTB75490
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT22432 MF139477 FTB76944 FTC9851 Y71069 FTD89613 FTD94704
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT432941 FT386409 FTC24913 FTC26119 FTC35166
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT432941 FT386409 FTC70872 FTC70973 FTC71128 FTC75028
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT432941 FT386409 FT385286 FT385466 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FT432941 FT386409 FT385286 FT385466 FTB50366
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB16508 FTB80749 FTB82636 FTB83620 FTB79704
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB16508 FTB9639 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB16508 FTB9639 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB33673 --
| FT384752 FT386276 FT461209 FTC39751 Y59514 FTB33673 FTB65027 FTB62843
|
Total SNPs: 312 |
STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) are the markers found on the results page of every FTDNA project. They're completely different from SNPs. For example, the number in the first column for the following markers, labeled DYS393, is merely the count of the number of times the sequence AGAT is repeated in the tester's cells. More about the markers can be found on the Wikipedia page for List of Y-STR markers.
The top line in this graphic, in gray, is the modal value. It represents the most common value found among each tester. The total number of mismatches any one tester has to the modal is noted in blue parenthesis next to the tester's kit number. This number is referred to as the genetic distance or GD. For example, a tester might be a GD of 1 from the modal's CDYb marker but with a total GD of 5 from the modal as a whole.
Here we compare the genetic distance between each tester rather than to the modal. This gives us a better idea as to how closely the testers are related to one another as opposed each to the modal, or mutual ancestor. The results tend to clump together by haplogroup. However, due to the volatile nature of STRs, the clumping is often inconsistent, as shown by the same graphics in the somewhat larger YP4248 Subclade Project. For this reason, STRs are unreliable for phylogeny. Nevertheless, the study can help direct us toward those kits that could provide the greatest impact on the project for Big Y upgrades.
The color version results from replacing the numeric values with color values. This doesn't tell us much for small groups but can be informative for groups of ten and more.
