(R1b-BY200368)
Michael Cooley
The project now has three reasonably clear subclades: BY19412, F7174, and Y42738. This means we've genetically identified at least three clearcut branches of the Pettit-Mellowes family. They're not fully identified because we don't yet know at what generation the defining markers came to be, only that they emerged some time after BY200368 and by the birth of the tester. When matches of the same haplogroup are found, however, we know the member markers arose by the time of their Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA). In the case of F7174, the mutual ancestor is Samuel Pettit Jr (1790-1874). We now have an exacting Y-DNA profile for Samuel. At some point after the "birth" of the Pettit-Mellowes family and by his birth, the three markers of that haplogroup came into the lineage. The immediate question for that family is whether Samuel Sr had all three of them.
Remember, this is only by father-to-son transmission. Everything that came into the paternal lineage, the tester has and perhaps more because of the regular mutation of the Y chromosome.
Samuel Pettit Jr (1790-1874)
Samuel Gallagher Pettit (1819-1897) m Luemma Rose
Samuel Richard Pettit (1851-1929) m Lulu Glascoe
Cleveland Grover Pettit (1886-1950) m Rena Otten
Alfred Cleveland Pettit (1918-1984) Helvie Nieminen
HIDDEN Pettit
HIDDEN Kit #B224403
The following table is simply a bare summary of the results and can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet. This is helpful for keeping track of larger projects. With the exception of those indicated by an asterisk, the novel SNPs (novel variants) can be tested at YSEQ.net for $18 each and a one-time kit fee of $6 for the first order.
| KIT | TREE | MRCA | TEST | NOVEL VARIANTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #157822 | | FTC45168 FTC46001 FTC44926 FTC44949 FTC44951
| #IN119877 | FTD18369 FTD18593 FTD18800 FTD22146 FTB14246 Y134523
| #985026 | FTD25818 FTD26042 FTD26046 FTD26065 FTD26351 FTD26581 FTD27915 FTD28335
| #972435 | FGC95316 FTC34814
| #764323 | Y163386 MF44765
| #967030 | FTB83222 FTB80956 FTB86796
| #940666 | FT417942 FT417620
| #971002 | FTC2026 FTC1338 FTC1221 MF168216 M8230
| #942738 | FTA18503
| #B388754 | --
| #891469 | FT51308
| #1010627 | FTF64335 FTF66209 FTF66211 FTF63973
| #974106 | FTC20239 FT345693
| #873086 | --
| #B224403 | FT224220
| #914894 | --
| #129959 | FTB67435
| #940380 | FTD7329 BY238588 FTD11580 FTD11837
| #1034872 | 2791500=GA
| #1004873 | --
| #493803 | FT413489 FT412480
| #1003742 | FTE89529
| #1012186 | FTF57332
| #933885 | FT360602 FT360267 FT359279 FT187589
| #B116528 | FTE54720 FTE55588 FTE59797
| #998068 | FTE72623 MF136467 FTE77464 FTE72230
| #1007602 | FTF30175 22270965=AG
| #941583 | --
| #1012200 | FTF85459
| #261925 | FT97037
| #989706 | --
| #966963 | FTB80182 FTB86764
| #1007195 | --
| #970030 | FTC26178 FTC22910 FTC32624 FTC31882 BY176957
| |
* SNP cannot undergo Sanger testing
A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) occurs when there's a genetic change at a single position, for example an A mutated to a C. Each marker listed in the tree below is a SNP, and each one was manifested at the birth of a single man. This doesn't happen every generation but, if we had enough data, they'd all line up one after the other in a timeline. In other words, each of these markers is a direct representative of a specific man born at a specific time and place. For that reason, I like to say that "SNPs are people too." It's not literally true, of course, but conjures an image that is reasonably apropos.
Every marker above is a direct genetic representation of the first man born with that marker. However, each marker could represent three or four more men not born with a new, unique marker.
Count the number of markers upstream of any one kit. Then multiply that by four generations. I'll leave it to you detemine how many years makes a generation. This can be done for all kits descended from any one haplogroup. Average the grand total to get an average timeline for the haplogroup. The word "average" is, however, the key. The more participants, the more that number will change.
This is a simplified, barebones, stripped-down SNP Tree (as above). It's called a Quick Tree merely because it can be created once new results are downloaded. It has the advantage of allowing a tested group member to easily trace their SNP lineage.
| FTC45168 FTC46001 FTC44926 FTC44949 FTC44951
| FTD18369 FTD18593 FTD18800 FTD22146 FTB14246 Y134523
| FTD25818 FTD26042 FTD26046 FTD26065 FTD26351 FTD26581 FTD27915 FTD28335
| FGC95316 FTC34814
| Y163386 MF44765
| FTB83222 FTB80956 FTB86796
| FT417942 FT417620
| FTC2026 FTC1338 FTC1221 MF168216 M8230
| BY198412 FT48652* FT48708 FTA18503
| BY198412 FT48652* FT48708 FT55265 --
| BY198412 FT48652* FT48708 FT55265 FT51308
| F22397 FT224089 FTF64335 FTF66209 FTF66211 FTF63973
| F22397 FT224089 FTC20239 FT345693
| F22397 FT224089 F7174 --
| F22397 FT224089 F7174 FT224220
| FTC17094 --
| FTC17094 FTB67435
| FTC17094 FTD7329 BY238588 FTD11580 FTD11837
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 2791500=GA
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 --
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FT413489 FT412480
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FTE89529
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FT187589 FTF57332
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FT187589 FT360602 FT360267 FT359279 FT187589
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FT187589 FTE54720 FTE55588 FTE59797
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FTE72289 FTE72623 MF136467 FTE77464 FTE72230
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT360712* FT361138 FTE72289 FTF30175 22270965=AG
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT95921 --
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT95921 FTF85459
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FT95921 FT97037
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FTB80412 FTB80212 FTB83684 --
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FTB80412 FTB80212 FTB83684 FTB80182 FTB86764
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FTC22501 --
| Y42738.1 Y42738 FTC22501 FTC26178 FTC22910 FTC32624 FTC31882 BY176957
|
Total SNPs: 171 |
STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) are the markers found on the results page of every FTDNA project. They're completely different from SNPs. For example, the number in the first column for the following markers, labeled DYS393, is merely the count of the number of times the sequence AGAT is repeated in the tester's cells. More about the markers can be found on the Wikipedia page for List of Y-STR markers.
The top line in this graphic, in gray, is the modal value. It represents the most common value found among each tester. The total number of mismatches any one tester has to the modal is noted in blue parenthesis next to the tester's kit number. This number is referred to as the genetic distance or GD. For example, a tester might be a GD of 1 from the modal's CDYb marker but with a total GD of 5 from the modal as a whole.
Here we compare the genetic distance between each tester rather than to the modal. This gives us a better idea as to how closely the testers are related to one another as opposed each to the modal, or mutual ancestor. The results tend to clump together by haplogroup. However, due to the volatile nature of STRs, the clumping is often inconsistent, as shown by the same graphics in the somewhat larger YP4248 Subclade Project. For this reason, STRs are unreliable for phylogeny. Nevertheless, the study can help direct us toward those kits that could provide the greatest impact on the project for Big Y upgrades.
The color version results from replacing the numeric values with color values. This doesn't tell us much for small groups but can be informative for groups of ten and more.
