(R1b-FT6052)
Michael Cooley
The following table is simply a bare summary of the results and can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet. This is helpful for keeping track of larger projects. With the exception of those indicated by an asterisk, the novel SNPs (novel variants) can be tested at YSEQ.net for $18 each and a one-time kit fee of $6 for the first order.
| KIT | TREE | MRCA | TEST | NOVEL VARIANTS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #B531938 | | FT309603 FT310049
| #862592 | BY178739 BY180125 BY177927
| #B327907 | BY183613 BY183716
| #319455 | --
| #872269 | FT224184 BY207910 BY208068 BY208959 FT223214
| #130361 | FT31164 FT31732 FT27600 FT29324
| #272477 | --
| #B257845 | FTA60533 FTA60828 FTA61378
| #B69546 | FT257570 FT256192
| #74942 | FTD74848 FTD75149
| #356551 | FT5561 FT5791 FT4538 FT5023
| #941697 | FTC21489 FTC21653 FTC32144 FTC18960 FTC19017
| #429646 | BY108733 BY125074 BY144724 BY79345
| #21080 | FTA14545 FTA14772 15329829=TA FTA14899 FTA15016 FTA15044 FTA15252 26631677=AC FTA13851 FTA13998
| #1017332 | FTG10991 FTG11212 FTG11352 FTG11457 FTG20878 FTG20923
| #324809 | BY148214 BY66376
| #IN110044 | FTD99397 FTD99509 FTD99790 FTE287 FTD98085
| #B76575 | FTE14691 FTE14848
| #948330 | FTG58652 FTG59087 FTG57018
| #N115019 | FT362967 FT363458 FT363677 FT60341 FT362571
| #294915 | FT224348 FT224412 FT224910 FT223190
| #47786 | FTC8636 FTC3979 FTC4626 FTC8366
| #B420076 | --
| #844246 | FTF40330 FTF40774 FT180793 FTF78979 FTF41359 FTF42034 FTF42166 FTF38970 FTF39705
| #32138 | BY157680 FT238210 FT235178 FT236054
| |
* SNP cannot undergo Sanger testing
A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) occurs when there's a genetic change at a single position, for example an A mutated to a C. Each marker listed in the tree below is a SNP, and each one was manifested at the birth of a single man. This doesn't happen every generation but, if we had enough data, they'd all line up one after the other in a timeline. In other words, each of these markers is a direct representative of a specific man born at a specific time and place. For that reason, I like to say that "SNPs are people too." It's not literally true, of course, but conjures an image that is reasonably apropos.
Every marker above is a direct genetic representation of the first man born with that marker. However, each marker could represent three or four more men not born with a new, unique marker.
Count the number of markers upstream of any one kit. Then multiply that by four generations. I'll leave it to you detemine how many years makes a generation. This can be done for all kits descended from any one haplogroup. Average the grand total to get an average timeline for the haplogroup. The word "average" is, however, the key. The more participants, the more that number will change.
This is a simplified, barebones, stripped-down SNP Tree (as above). It's called a Quick Tree merely because it can be created once new results are downloaded. It has the advantage of allowing a tested group member to easily trace their SNP lineage.
| FT309603 FT310049
| BY11221 BY178739 BY180125 BY177927
| BY11221 BY11238 BY183613 BY183716
| BY11221 BY11238 --
| BY11221 BY11238 FT224184 BY207910 BY208068 BY208959 FT223214
| BY11221 BY11238 FT31164 FT31732 FT27600 FT29324
| BY11221 BY11238 BY11214 BY11243 --
| BY11221 BY11238 BY205973 BY207281 BY211543 BY212647 FTD74164 FTA60533 FTA60828 FTA61378
| BY11221 BY11238 BY205973 BY207281 BY211543 BY212647 FTD74164 FT257127 FT257341 FT257570 FT256192
| BY11221 BY11238 BY205973 BY207281 BY211543 BY212647 FTD74164 FT257127 FT257341 FTD74848 FTD75149
| BY11221 BY11238 FT281697 FT5561 FT5791 FT4538 FT5023
| BY11221 BY11238 FT281697 FTC21489 FTC21653 FTC32144 FTC18960 FTC19017
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 BY108733 BY125074 BY144724 BY79345
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 FTA14545 FTA14772 15329829=TA FTA14899 FTA15016 FTA15044 FTA15252 26631677=AC FTA13851 FTA13998
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 FTG10991 FTG11212 FTG11352 FTG11457 FTG20878 FTG20923
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 BY148214 BY66376
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 FT102119 FT102062 FT102102 FT102232 FT102682 FTD99397 FTD99509 FTD99790 FTE287 FTD98085
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 FT102119 FT102062 FT102102 FT102232 FT102682 FTE14691 FTE14848
| BY11221 BY14138 BY14139 FT102119 FT102062 FT102102 FT102232 FT102682 FTG58652 FTG59087 FTG57018
| BY11221 FT194564 FT362967 FT363458 FT363677 FT60341 FT362571
| BY11221 FT194564 FT191992 FT224348 FT224412 FT224910 FT223190
| BY11221 FT194564 FT191992 FTC8636 FTC3979 FTC4626 FTC8366
| BY11221 FT194564 FT191992 FT192372 FT191830 FT193472 --
| BY11221 FT194564 FTF40330 FTF40774 FT180793 FTF78979 FTF41359 FTF42034 FTF42166 FTF38970 FTF39705
| BY11221 BY157680 FT238210 FT235178 FT236054
|
Total SNPs: 190 |
STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) are the markers found on the results page of every FTDNA project. They're completely different from SNPs. For example, the number in the first column for the following markers, labeled DYS393, is merely the count of the number of times the sequence AGAT is repeated in the tester's cells. More about the markers can be found on the Wikipedia page for List of Y-STR markers.
The top line in this graphic, in gray, is the modal value. It represents the most common value found among each tester. The total number of mismatches any one tester has to the modal is noted in blue parenthesis next to the tester's kit number. This number is referred to as the genetic distance or GD. For example, a tester might be a GD of 1 from the modal's CDYb marker but with a total GD of 5 from the modal as a whole.
Here we compare the genetic distance between each tester rather than to the modal. This gives us a better idea as to how closely the testers are related to one another as opposed each to the modal, or mutual ancestor. The results tend to clump together by haplogroup. However, due to the volatile nature of STRs, the clumping is often inconsistent, as shown by the same graphics in the somewhat larger YP4248 Subclade Project. For this reason, STRs are unreliable for phylogeny. Nevertheless, the study can help direct us toward those kits that could provide the greatest impact on the project for Big Y upgrades.
The color version results from replacing the numeric values with color values. This doesn't tell us much for small groups but can be informative for groups of ten and more.
