(R1b-BY179697)
Michael Cooley
The following table is simply a bare summary of the results and can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet. This is helpful for keeping track of larger projects. With the exception of those indicated by an asterisk, the novel SNPs (novel variants) can be tested at YSEQ.net for $18 each and a one-time kit fee of $6 for the first order.
| KIT | TREE | MRCA | TEST | NOVEL VARIANTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #IN110775 | | --
| #IN69789 | --
| #631138 | --
| #IN86855 | --
| #733039 | FT8265
| #B275625 | FTD13203 FTD13531
| #IN46577 | FT143384
| #IN81943 | FT262595
| #961572 | FTB42859 FTB42972
| #1012274 | 3375561=AC
| #959822 | --
| #913393 | --
| #413101 | FT355841 FT356366
| #254319 | FT23592
| #123033 | FT309748
| #47517 | FT415738
| #428178 | FT394481
| #951675 | FT417000 FTB87228
| #SI12127 | FTB18636 FTB9660
| #B289231 | --
| #IN90457 | FT416380 FT415861
| #IN105610 | --
| #IN91706 | FTA3488
| #226508 | FT418223 FT418901 FT417167
| |
* SNP cannot undergo Sanger testing
A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) occurs when there's a genetic change at a single position, for example an A mutated to a C. Each marker listed in the tree below is a SNP, and each one was manifested at the birth of a single man. This doesn't happen every generation but, if we had enough data, they'd all line up one after the other in a timeline. In other words, each of these markers is a direct representative of a specific man born at a specific time and place. For that reason, I like to say that "SNPs are people too." It's not literally true, of course, but conjures an image that is reasonably apropos.
Every marker above is a direct genetic representation of the first man born with that marker. However, each marker could represent three or four more men not born with a new, unique marker.
Count the number of markers upstream of any one kit. Then multiply that by four generations. I'll leave it to you detemine how many years makes a generation. This can be done for all kits descended from any one haplogroup. Average the grand total to get an average timeline for the haplogroup. The word "average" is, however, the key. The more participants, the more that number will change.
This is a simplified, barebones, stripped-down SNP Tree (as above). It's called a Quick Tree merely because it can be created once new results are downloaded. It has the advantage of allowing a tested group member to easily trace their SNP lineage.
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 BY179781 FT199958 FT7898 FT8218
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 BY179781 FT199958 FT7898 FT8218 14590394=GA 16871248=GA
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 BY179781 FT199958 FT7898 FT8218
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 BY179781 FT199958 FT7898 FT8218 FT8265
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT143572 FT143917 FT144410 Y56113 FT143384
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT143572 FT143917 FT144410 Y56113 FT262595
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT195663 FT194909 FTB42859 FTB42972
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT195663 FT194909 FT196508 FT195155 FT196969
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT195663 FT194909 FT196508 FT195155 FT196969
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT20935 FT355841 FT356366
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT20935 FT23592
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT20935 FT419565 FT309748
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT20935 FT419565 FT415738
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT20935 FT394481
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT20935 FT417000 FTB87228
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT419564 FT166084 FTB18636 FTB9660
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT419564 FT166084 FT165596
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FT419564 FT166084 FT165596 FT416380 FT415861
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FTA3321 FTA3191
| FT18263 BY179697 FTA2772 FTA3321 FTA3191 FTA3488
| FT18263 FT417246 FT418223 FT418901 FT417167
| FT18263 FT417246 FTA30944 FTA33112 FTA33115
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FT376552* FT287094
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FT370907
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTA75466
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FT257914 FT396969 17914145=AT FT223966 FTB19204
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FT257914 FT396969 FT396969* FT256775
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FT418292
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FT418292 FT418411 FT418483 FT418638 FT419025
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTA41586 18590063=GA FTB69473
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTA41586 FTA41439 FTA38011
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTA83571
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTA83571 FT169742
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTB51085
| FT257617 FT256010 FT286915 FTB51085
|
Total SNPs: 221 |
STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) are the markers found on the results page of every FTDNA project. They're completely different from SNPs. For example, the number in the first column for the following markers, labeled DYS393, is merely the count of the number of times the sequence AGAT is repeated in the tester's cells. More about the markers can be found on the Wikipedia page for List of Y-STR markers.
The top line in this graphic, in gray, is the modal value. It represents the most common value found among each tester. The total number of mismatches any one tester has to the modal is noted in blue parenthesis next to the tester's kit number. This number is referred to as the genetic distance or GD. For example, a tester might be a GD of 1 from the modal's CDYb marker but with a total GD of 5 from the modal as a whole.
Here we compare the genetic distance between each tester rather than to the modal. This gives us a better idea as to how closely the testers are related to one another as opposed each to the modal, or mutual ancestor. The results tend to clump together by haplogroup. However, due to the volatile nature of STRs, the clumping is often inconsistent, as shown by the same graphics in the somewhat larger YP4248 Subclade Project. For this reason, STRs are unreliable for phylogeny. Nevertheless, the study can help direct us toward those kits that could provide the greatest impact on the project for Big Y upgrades.
The color version results from replacing the numeric values with color values. This doesn't tell us much for small groups but can be informative for groups of ten and more.
