(R1b-BY179697)
Michael Cooley
The following table is simply a bare summary of the results and can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet. This is helpful for keeping track of larger projects. With the exception of those indicated by an asterisk, the novel SNPs (novel variants) can be tested at YSEQ.net for $18 each and a one-time kit fee of $6 for the first order.
| KIT | TREE | MRCA | TEST | NOVEL VARIANTS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #IN86052 | | FTA49523 MF163596 FTA49686
| #N74620 | FT126807 FT126808 FT127332
| #934125 | FTA31597 FTA31912 FTA32243 FTA32830 FTA29829 FTA30498
| #1028410 | --
| #428084 | --
| #133777 | BY180921
| #B185439 | FTC59904
| #910597 | FT205373 FT205427 FT203566 FT203951
| #N88023 | BY207687 Y57028 BY205560
| #482984 | FT254744 FT254895 FT452335 FT254248 FT254361
| #241547 | FT76237 FT77471 FT75578
| #B471136 | --
| #IN115869 | --
| #IN31580 | FT95805
| #147812 | FT51324 FT48837
| #IN26997 | --
| #IN31328 | FT214522 FT215391
| #B11295 | BY170282 FT80529
| #924621 | --
| #B13618 | --
| #860675 | FT309280
| #IN113916 | FTD44840 FTD46737
| #902832 | FT382390
| #755074 | BY63100
| #MI34300 | FT103973 FT104381
| |
* SNP cannot undergo Sanger testing
A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) occurs when there's a genetic change at a single position, for example an A mutated to a C. Each marker listed in the tree below is a SNP, and each one was manifested at the birth of a single man. This doesn't happen every generation but, if we had enough data, they'd all line up one after the other in a timeline. In other words, each of these markers is a direct representative of a specific man born at a specific time and place. For that reason, I like to say that "SNPs are people too." It's not literally true, of course, but conjures an image that is reasonably apropos.
Every marker above is a direct genetic representation of the first man born with that marker. However, each marker could represent three or four more men not born with a new, unique marker.
Count the number of markers upstream of any one kit. Then multiply that by four generations. I'll leave it to you detemine how many years makes a generation. This can be done for all kits descended from any one haplogroup. Average the grand total to get an average timeline for the haplogroup. The word "average" is, however, the key. The more participants, the more that number will change.
This is a simplified, barebones, stripped-down SNP Tree (as above). It's called a Quick Tree merely because it can be created once new results are downloaded. It has the advantage of allowing a tested group member to easily trace their SNP lineage.
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FTA49523 MF163596 FTA49686
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT126807 FT126808 FT127332
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FTA31597 FTA31912 FTA32243 FTA32830 FTA29829 FTA30498
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY172259 FT204836 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY172259 FT204836 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY172259 FT204836 BY180921
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY172259 FT204836 FTC59904
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY172259 FT204836 FT205373 FT205427 FT203566 FT203951
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY207698 BY207687 Y57028 BY205560
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY207698 FT75620 FT76988 FT77301 FT254744 FT254895 FT452335 FT254248 FT254361
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 BY207698 FT75620 FT76988 FT77301 FT76237 FT77471 FT75578
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT335199 FT286230 FT337051 FT338696 FT339144 FT339566 FT339877 Y172299 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT335199 FT286230 FT337051 FT338696 FT339144 FT339566 FT339877 Y172299 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT95805
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT51324 FT48837
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT92524 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT92524 FT214522 FT215391
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT92524 FT148904 BY170282 FT80529
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT92524 FT148904 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT92524 FT148904 --
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FT92524 FT148904 FT309280
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FTD45236 FTD44840 FTD46737
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY171114 BY169834 BY171536 BY171648 BY171969 FT50625 FT85383 ZS9075 FT51423 FTD45236 FT382390
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 BY126673 Y18619 BY62496 BY55941 BY95993 FT180130 FT375943 FT440957 FTC37923 BY76683 BY63100
| BY170204 BY142010 BY47217 Y157724 FT104936 FT103973 FT104381
|
Total SNPs: 448 |
STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) are the markers found on the results page of every FTDNA project. They're completely different from SNPs. For example, the number in the first column for the following markers, labeled DYS393, is merely the count of the number of times the sequence AGAT is repeated in the tester's cells. More about the markers can be found on the Wikipedia page for List of Y-STR markers.
The top line in this graphic, in gray, is the modal value. It represents the most common value found among each tester. The total number of mismatches any one tester has to the modal is noted in blue parenthesis next to the tester's kit number. This number is referred to as the genetic distance or GD. For example, a tester might be a GD of 1 from the modal's CDYb marker but with a total GD of 5 from the modal as a whole.
Here we compare the genetic distance between each tester rather than to the modal. This gives us a better idea as to how closely the testers are related to one another as opposed each to the modal, or mutual ancestor. The results tend to clump together by haplogroup. However, due to the volatile nature of STRs, the clumping is often inconsistent, as shown by the same graphics in the somewhat larger YP4248 Subclade Project. For this reason, STRs are unreliable for phylogeny. Nevertheless, the study can help direct us toward those kits that could provide the greatest impact on the project for Big Y upgrades.
The color version results from replacing the numeric values with color values. This doesn't tell us much for small groups but can be informative for groups of ten and more.
